Sports Performance Factors
Sports
Conditioning
Farmington
Middle School - West
Three Areas:
·
Neuromuscular
& Physical
·
Mental &
Psychological
·
Environmental
Performance Factors:
Neuromuscular & Physical
l Strength:
l
Ability of muscles to move against resistance
or to prevent the movement of the body against resistance.
l Endurance:
l
The ability to maintain repetitious
movement of skeletal muscle.
(muscular)
l Body
Type:
l
The combination of height, weight, and body
dimensions including fat distribution and amount.
l Flexibility:
l
The ability of muscles and tendons to
lengthen without damage.
l Balance:
l
The ability to maintain the body in a
defined position over changing centers of balance.
l Agility:
l
The ability to quickly change direction in
response to outside stimuli.
l Speed:
l
The ability to rapidly contract muscles in
a sequenced manner to propel the body.
l Coordination:
l
The ability to move the body in ways that
requires complex inputs and carefully graded muscle contractions.
l Timing:
l
Initiation of movement or changing the
speed of movement in response to external stimuli.
l Reaction
Time:
l
A component of timing, the ability to
initiate movement and respond to a stimulus.
l Rhythm:
l
Synchronized movements associated with
thought in repetitive movements.
l Steadiness:
l
Ability to maintain firm control over body
movements.
l Accuracy:
l
Precise location of propelled objects.
Performance Factors:
Mental & Psychological
l Intelligence:
l
Ability to interrelate perception of the
environment into mental constructs, based on past experience and education.
l Creativity:
l
Ability to establish new ways of doing
things which are unexpected.
l Alertness:
l
Mental preparedness to adjust rapidly to
changing situations.
l Motivation:
l
The ability to push the body towards a
goal.
l Discipline:
l
Concentration to the exclusion of external
and internal stimuli.
Performance Factors:
Environmental
l Playing
Conditions:
l
The influence of the playing field and
environmental factors that may determine outcomes.
l Equipment:
l
The roll of implements used in sport in
determining sport outcomes.
l Practice:
l
The importance of repeating patterned
movements to assure perfect execution during the game.
Other Factors:
l
Endurance – Three Kinds:
– Muscular
– Aerobic
(60-85% of Max Heart Rate)
– Anaerobic
(85%+ of Max Heart Rate)
l
Nutrition:
Your food intake plays an extremely important role in performance and
recovery.
Scientific Definitions:
l
Speed = Distance
Time
•
Is determined by:
Stride Length x Stride Frequency
l
Power = Strength x Speed
l
Power = Force x Distance
Time
Assessments:
l
Power:
*
Vertical Jump (is the best predictor of athletic success)
*
Olympic Lifts
*
Shot Put
l
Strength:
* Max
Lifts
l
Speed:
*
40-yard dash
*
Sprints
l
Agility: *
L-drill
*
Pro Agility
*
T-test
l
Anaerobic Power: * 300-yard Shuttle
*
Wingate Bike Test
l
Aerobic Power * Pacer
*
Mile Run
References:
NISMAT
The Nicholas
Institute of Sports Medicine and Athletic Trauma